{"id":5331,"date":"2026-07-27T07:54:07","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T23:54:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xn11.cn\/2026%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%ad%e5%b0%8f%e4%bc%81%e4%b8%9aapi%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e9%98%b2%e6%8a%a4%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%975%e6%ad%a5%e5%a0%b5%e4%bd%8f%e9%9a%90%e5%bd%a2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T11:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T03:32:27","slug":"2026%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%ad%e5%b0%8f%e4%bc%81%e4%b8%9aapi%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e9%98%b2%e6%8a%a4%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%975%e6%ad%a5%e5%a0%b5%e4%bd%8f%e9%9a%90%e5%bd%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xn11.cn\/en\/2026%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%ad%e5%b0%8f%e4%bc%81%e4%b8%9aapi%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e9%98%b2%e6%8a%a4%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%975%e6%ad%a5%e5%a0%b5%e4%bd%8f%e9%9a%90%e5%bd%a2\/","title":{"rendered":"2026\u5e74\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u62a4\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff1a5\u6b65\u5835\u4f4f&#8221;\u9690\u5f62\u5165\u53e3&#8221;\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u4f4e85%"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>> \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u62a4\u3001\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001API\u7f51\u5173<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u5f15\u8a00\uff1aAPI\u2014\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684&#8221;\u9690\u5f62\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def&#8221;<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u4f462026\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6b63\u5728\u6d6e\u73b0\uff1a<strong>API\uff08\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u7684&#8221;\u5934\u53f7\u540e\u95e8&#8221;<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636eGartner\u6700\u65b0\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u52302026\u5e74\uff0c<strong>API\u653b\u51fb\u5df2\u5360\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u768446%<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684API\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\u5374\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ede\u540e\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\u2014\u2014\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c<strong>\u8d85\u8fc760%\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8API\u5904\u4e8e&#8221;\u65e0\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406&#8221;\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u67d0\u91d1\u878d\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u66fe\u906d\u9047\u5178\u578b\u7684API\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8eab\u4efd\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u811a\u672c\u6279\u91cf\u722c\u53d6\uff0c<strong>3\u5929\u5185\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc72\u4e07\u540d\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u76d1\u7ba1\u5904\u7f5a\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u75285\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u628aAPI\u8fd9\u6761&#8221;\u9690\u5f62\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def&#8221;\u7ba1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u4f4e85%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5168\u9762\u76d8\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6478\u6e05\u4f60\u7684API&#8221;\u5bb6\u5e95&#8221;<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7ba1\u88ab\u95ee\u5230&#8221;\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2aAPI&#8221;\u65f6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u662f&#8221;\u5927\u6982\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5427&#8221;\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u626b\u63cf\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a&#8221;<strong>\u60a8\u6709347\u4e2aAPI\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d89\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\uff0c23\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u5371\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/strong>&#8220;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u76d8\u70b9\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>API\u7684&#8221;\u5f71\u5b50\u589e\u957f&#8221;\u95ee\u9898\u6781\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2aSaaS\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684API\u3002Gartner\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c<strong>\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u7684API\u6570\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u662fIT\u90e8\u95e8\u4f30\u7b97\u76843-5\u500d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u76d8\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316API\u53d1\u73b0\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u5f00\u6e90\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528OWASP Amass\u3001Nmap\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u626b\u63cf\u7f51\u7edc\u66b4\u9732\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u5546\u4e1a\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u5982Salt Security\u3001Noname Security\uff09\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6240\u6709API<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u6d41\u91cf\u955c\u50cf\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u91cf\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790HTTP\/HTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522bAPI\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u624b\u52a8\u68b3\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8981\u6c42\u5404\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6240\u6709\u5728\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u63a5\u53e3\u6e05\u5355<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u68c0\u67e5\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff08AWS API Gateway\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u4e91API\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91API\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 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<strong>OAuth 2.0 \/ OpenID Connect<\/strong> \u6807\u51c6\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>JWT Token<\/strong> \u7b7e\u53d1\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5efa\u8bae1-2\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u5237\u65b0Token\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u957f\u671f\u6709\u6548Token\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684API Key\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u51ed\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u5176\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u53ea\u8bfb\u63a5\u53e3 vs \u8bfb\u5199\u63a5\u53e3\u5206\u5f00\u6388\u6743<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u6a21\u5757\u5212\u5206\u6743\u9650\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u548c\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51ed\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff08Rate Limiting\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u9891\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a100\u6b21\/\u5206\u949f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a10\u6b21\/\u5206\u949f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u767b\u5f55\/\u8ba4\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a5\u6b21\/\u5206\u949f\uff08\u9632\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u67d0\u751f\u7269\u533b\u836f\u4f01\u4e1a\u90e8\u7f72API\u7f51\u5173\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176ERP\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684&#8221;\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u67e5\u8be2&#8221;\u63a5\u53e3\u56e0\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u52a0\u56fa\u540e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5371\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236<strong>\u6210\u529f\u62e6\u622a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u6279\u91cf\u722c\u53d6\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u9632\u62a4\u2014\u2014\u62d2\u7edd&#8221;\u810f\u6570\u636e&#8221;\u8fdb\u5165<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>API\u63a5\u53e3\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u624b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6b3a\u9a97\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u3002SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\uff08XSS\uff09\u7b49\u4f20\u7edfWeb\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7API\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>API\u7279\u6709\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`json<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u5371\u9669\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;user_ids&#8221;: [1, 2, 3, &#8230; , 99999]  \/\/ \u53ef\u88ab\u6076\u610f\u6269\u5927\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5d4c\u5957JSON\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`json<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u770b\u4f3c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;product_id&#8221;: &#8220;123&#8221;,<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;quantity&#8221;: 1,<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;metadata&#8221;: {<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;discount_code&#8221;: &#8220;&#8216;; DROP TABLE orders; &#8211;&#8221;  \/\/ SQL\u6ce8\u5165<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20API\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u4e0a\u4f20\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8def\u5f84\u904d\u5386\u653b\u51fb\uff08..\/..\/etc\/passwd\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8d85\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4DoS<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u767d\u540d\u5355\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u9884\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982user_id\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u6574\u6570\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1aJSON Schema\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u62d2\u7edd\u6a21\u7cca\u5339\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528LIKE\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u67e5\u8be2\u5bf9\u5916\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\uff08Prepared Statements\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u6c38\u4e0d\u62fc\u63a5SQL\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u5b89\u5168<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u975eWeb\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5bf9\u56fe\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5904\u7406\uff08\u7f29\u653e\/\u538b\u7f29\uff09\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u8131\u654f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>API\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5bc6\u7801\u3001Token\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7edd\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u624b\u673a\u53f7\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7b49\u505a\u8131\u654f\u5904\u7406\uff08138****1234\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56deSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u5728&#8221;\u96a7\u9053&#8221;\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7fAPI\u6709\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7ebf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u5f3a\u5236HTTPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u6240\u6709API\u63a5\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.2\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684TLS 1.0\/1.1<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; HSTS\uff08HTTP Strict Transport Security\uff09\u5934\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u671f\u63d0\u9192<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u8bc1\u4e66\u914d\u7f6e\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528SSL Labs\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301\u5f31\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6574<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u98ce\u9669<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. API Payload\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u9ad8\u654f\u611f\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3API\uff0c\u9664\u4e86TLS\u4f20\u8f93\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982JWE &#8211; JSON Web Encryption\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5355\u72ec\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5361\u53f7\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\uff08HMAC-SHA256\uff09\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u7be1\u6539<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u5178\u578b\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nginx API\u7f51\u5173HTTPS\u5f3a\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`nginx<\/p>\n<p>server {<\/p>\n<p>listen 443 ssl http2;<\/p>\n<p>ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/cert.pem;<\/p>\n<p>ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/key.pem;<\/p>\n<p>ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;<\/p>\n<p>ssl_ciphers &#8216;ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256&#8217;;<\/p>\n<p>ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p># \u6dfb\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/p>\n<p>add_header Strict-Transport-Security &#8220;max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains&#8221; always;<\/p>\n<p>add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;<\/p>\n<p>add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5e94\u6025\u54cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u5b89\u5168&#8221;\u770b\u5f97\u89c1&#8221;<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u4e0d\u662f&#8221;\u88c5\u4e0a\u95e8\u7981\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e8b&#8221;\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>API\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u65e5\u5fd7\u5168\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u8bf7\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6765\u6e90IP\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001URL\u3001\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u8131\u654f\u540e\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5f02\u5e38\u6807\u8bb0\uff08\u5982\u5927\u91cf404\/403\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5355IP\/API Key\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5927\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u7591\u4f3c\u722c\u866b\/\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u975e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u6765\u81ea\u5883\u5916IP\u7684\u654f\u611f\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8fd4\u56de\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u8fde\u7eed\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff08>5\u6b21\/\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u54cd\u5e94SOP<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ea7\u522b<\/th>\n<th>\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\n<th>\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4<\/th>\n<th>\u5904\u7f6e\u52a8\u4f5c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P0-\u7d27\u6025<\/td>\n<td>API Key\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u722c\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>15\u5206\u949f<\/td>\n<td>\u7acb\u5373\u7981\u7528Key\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u901a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P1-\u9ad8\u5371<\/td>\n<td>\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u672a\u6388\u6743API\u3001\u9ad8\u5371\u6f0f\u6d1e\u88ab\u5229\u7528<\/td>\n<td>1\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u7d27\u6025\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P2-\u4e2d\u5371<\/td>\n<td>\u5f02\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n<td>4\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u98ce\u9669<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P3-\u4f4e\u5371<\/td>\n<td>\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5408\u89c4\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u5373\u5c06\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>\n<td>24\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>\u8ba1\u5212\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u5b9a\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u6708\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6f0f\u6d1e\u626b\u63cf\uff08OWASP ZAP\u3001Burp Suite\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u5b63\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u6d4b\u8bd5API\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ed5\u8fc7\u3001\u6743\u9650\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u5e74\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5408\u89c4\u62a5\u544a<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u51685\u6b65 checklist<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6b65\u9aa4<\/th>\n<th>\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/th>\n<th>\u5173\u952e\u52a8\u4f5c<\/th>\n<th>\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1. \u5168\u9762\u76d8\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u6478\u6e05\u5bb6\u5e95<\/td>\n<td>\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0+\u624b\u52a8\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u5efa\u7acbAPI\u8d44\u4ea7\u6e05\u5355<\/td>\n<td>\u6d88\u9664&#8221;\u5f71\u5b50API&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2. \u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<td>\u7edf\u4e00\u7f51\u5173+OAuth\/JWT+\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650+\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<td>\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f52\u96f6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. \u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>\u9632\u6b62\u6ce8\u5165<\/td>\n<td>\u767d\u540d\u5355\u6821\u9a8c+\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2+\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<td>\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u963b\u65ad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4. \u4f20\u8f93\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u5236HTTPS+TLS 1.2++\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u4f20\u8f93\u7a83\u542c\u963b\u65ad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5. \u76d1\u63a7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/td>\n<td>\u6301\u7eed\u5b88\u62a4<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7+\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b+\u5e94\u6025\u54cd\u5e94SOP<\/td>\n<td>\u5a01\u80c1\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u95f4<15\u5206\u949f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>> <strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece&#8221;\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11API&#8221;\u5230&#8221;\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u90fd\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u6709\u76d1\u63a7&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd95\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u7b54\uff08FAQ\uff09<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>Q1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u53f8\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2aAPI\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684&#8221;\u8f6f\u76ee\u6807&#8221;\u2014\u2014\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u5f31\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5374\u540c\u6837\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u67093\u4e2aAPI\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d1\u4e2a\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5173\u95e8\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u81f3\u5c11\u505a\u5230\uff1a<strong>HTTPS\u5f3a\u5236 + \u57fa\u7840\u8ba4\u8bc1 + \u8f93\u5165\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e09\u9879\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>Q2\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u8001\u65e7\uff0c\u6539\u9020API\u5b89\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7&#8221;API\u7f51\u5173\u524d\u7f6e&#8221;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u75db\u6539\u9020\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6539\u52a8\u540e\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728API\u7f51\u5173\u5c42\u7edf\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u9650\u6d41\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6539\u9020\u6210\u672c\u6700\u4f4e\u3001\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>Q3\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u8350\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u521d\u521b\/\u5c0f\u5fae\u4f01\u4e1a<\/strong>\uff1aNginx\/Kong\u5f00\u6e90\u7248 + Let&#8217;s Encrypt\u514d\u8d39\u8bc1\u4e66 + \u81ea\u5efa\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u6210\u957f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a<\/strong>\uff1a\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\/\u817e\u8baf\u4e91API\u7f51\u5173 + WAF + \u4e91\u76d1\u63a7<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u5e73\u53f0\uff08Salt Security\u3001Noname Security\u3001Imperva\uff09+ SIEM\u96c6\u6210<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>Q4\uff1aAPI Key\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong>\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>\u79d2\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u5173\u5c42\u7acb\u5373\u7981\u7528\u8be5Key<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8be5Key\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6cc4\u9732\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>\u901a\u77e5\u76f8\u5173\u65b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u6d89\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6309\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u901a\u77e5\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>\u66f4\u6362\u51ed\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u65b0\u7b7e\u53d1\u65b0Key<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u67e5\u6cc4\u9732\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1f\u65e5\u5fd7\u6cc4\u9732\uff1f\u793e\u5de5\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><h3>Q5\uff1aAPI\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u4f20\u7edfWeb\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong>\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e<strong>\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 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